Intermolecular Forces

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

Front

What is vapor pressure?

Back

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature. It indicates how readily a substance will evaporate.

Front

Which type of intermolecular force is present in water (H2O)?

Back

Water exhibits hydrogen bonding, a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction due to the presence of highly electronegative oxygen atoms.

Front

What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and boiling point?

Back

Substances with stronger intermolecular forces generally have higher boiling points because more energy is required to overcome these forces.

Front

Define dispersion forces.

Back

Dispersion forces, also known as London dispersion forces, are weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles that occur when electron distribution around atoms or molecules fluctuates.

Front

What type of intermolecular forces are present in nonpolar molecules like Cl2?

Back

Nonpolar molecules like Cl2 experience dispersion forces as their only type of intermolecular force.

Front

How do electronegativity differences affect intermolecular forces?

Back

Electronegativity differences between atoms in a molecule can lead to dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, depending on the strength of the difference.

Front

What is the most likely state of matter for a substance with weak intermolecular forces?

Back

A substance with weak intermolecular forces is most likely to be in the gaseous state at room temperature.

Front

What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biological systems?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is crucial in biological systems as it helps maintain the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, influencing their function.

Front

What is the effect of temperature on vapor pressure?

Back

As temperature increases, vapor pressure also increases because more molecules have enough energy to escape the liquid phase.