Replication, Transcription and Translation

Front

What is replication in the context of DNA?

Back

Replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two identical DNA strands.

Front

What is transcription in molecular biology?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, where the DNA sequence is converted into a complementary RNA sequence.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template, translating the nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group. This orientation is crucial for DNA replication and transcription.

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is a ribosome?

Back

A ribosome is a cellular structure that facilitates the translation of mRNA into proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.