Biology - Fall 2024 Final Exam (Units 1-3)

Front

Which organelle produces energy (ATP) for the cell?

Back

Mitochondria - The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

Cellular Respiration starts with ________, a process that does not require oxygen and results in 2 pyruvates being formed.

Back

Glycolysis - The first step in cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Front

Catalysts work to lower _________, speeding up chemical reactions in the body.

Back

Activation energy - The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Front

After glycolysis, if no oxygen is present, an animal cell will enter:

Back

Lactic acid fermentation - A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, converting pyruvate into lactic acid.

Front

Which of the following is found in a eukaryotic cell, but is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

Back

Nucleus - A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material.

Front

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

Back

To produce ATP through the process of cellular respiration.

Front

Define glycolysis.

Back

A metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.

Front

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Back

A type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in animal cells, converting glucose into lactic acid.