Flashcard REVIEW

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What are the four types of mutations?

Back

1. Substitution: One base is replaced by another. 2. Insertion: An extra base is added. 3. Deletion: A base is removed. 4. Inversion: A segment of DNA is reversed.

Front

What is the role of amino acids in biology?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which perform various functions in the body.

Front

What is a nucleotide composed of?

Back

A nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.