Unit 5 Test: DNA Structure, Replication, and Expression

Front

What are genes?

Back

Nucleotide sequences in DNA that code for traits.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) paired in specific ways.

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.

Front

What are mutations?

Back

Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.