Pathogens

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What is a pathogen?

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A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease in a host organism.

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What are the main types of pathogens?

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The main types of pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

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How do viruses differ from bacteria?

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Viruses are smaller than bacteria and require a host cell to replicate, while bacteria can reproduce independently.

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What is an epidemic?

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An epidemic is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific area.

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What is a pandemic?

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A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people.

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How can pathogens be transmitted?

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Pathogens can be transmitted through direct contact, contaminated surfaces, air, water, and vectors like insects.

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What is the role of vaccines in disease prevention?

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Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, preventing disease.

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What is the difference between antibiotics and vaccines?

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Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, while vaccines are used to prevent infections by stimulating the immune response.

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What is herd immunity?

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Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, making its spread unlikely.

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What are common symptoms of viral infections?

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Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, and body aches.