Anatomy & Physiology Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the role of the centriole in a cell?

Back

Centrioles are involved in cell division and help in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes.

Front

What is a vacuole and its function in a cell?

Back

A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle that stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

Front

What type of anatomical cut divides the body into left and right halves?

Back

Midsaggital cut.

Front

What is a motor unit?

Back

A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Front

What is the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment.

Front

Define the term 'lysosome'.

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell, translating messenger RNA into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the difference between actin and myosin?

Back

Actin and myosin are proteins that interact to enable muscle contraction; actin is a thin filament, while myosin is a thick filament.