Intermolecular Forces

Front

What are intermolecular forces (IMFs)?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) is attracted to another electronegative atom.

Front

What is the predominant IMF in ammonia (NH3)?

Back

Hydrogen bonding.

Front

Which element is commonly involved in hydrogen bonding?

Back

Oxygen.

Front

What type of IMF is responsible for the high boiling point of water?

Back

Strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density in molecules, leading to temporary dipoles.

Front

What is a dipole-dipole interaction?

Back

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Front

What is the difference between ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds?

Back

Ionic bonds are formed between charged ions, while hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen and electronegative atoms.

Front

What is the significance of molecular shape in determining IMFs?

Back

The shape of a molecule affects its polarity and the strength of its intermolecular forces, influencing properties like boiling and melting points.

Front

What is the role of oxygen in hydrogen bonding?

Back

Oxygen, being highly electronegative, can attract hydrogen atoms from other molecules, forming hydrogen bonds.