Biology Semester 1 Review

Front

What is the result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

Back

A codon sequence is incorrect.

Front

What phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of chromosomes by spindle fibers?

Back

Anaphase.

Front

In cattle, what is the probability of offspring having cloven hooves if both parents are heterozygous (Hh)?

Back

75%.

Front

What is the function of transmembrane proteins in a cell membrane?

Back

They help the cell interact with its external environment.

Front

What role does the cell membrane play in the model of human red blood cells using eggs?

Back

The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.

Front

Define 'dominant allele' in genetics.

Back

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the cell membrane's permeability?

Back

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Front

What is the role of spindle fibers during cell division?

Back

Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes during mitosis.