Punnett Squares

Front

What is a Punnett Square?

Back

A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What are genotypes?

Back

Genotypes are the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).

Front

What are phenotypes?

Back

Phenotypes are the observable traits or characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environmental factors.

Front

What does it mean if a trait is dominant?

Back

A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy of the allele is present (e.g., T in Tt).

Front

What does it mean if a trait is recessive?

Back

A recessive trait is only expressed in the phenotype if two copies of the allele are present (e.g., aa).

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles (e.g., AA or aa), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Aa).

Front

What is the purpose of a test cross?

Back

A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.

Front

What is an allele?

Back

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits (e.g., T and t are alleles for height in pea plants).

Front

How do you represent a homozygous dominant genotype?

Back

A homozygous dominant genotype is represented by two uppercase letters (e.g., AA).

Front

How do you represent a homozygous recessive genotype?

Back

A homozygous recessive genotype is represented by two lowercase letters (e.g., aa).