Unit 4 Lessons 3 & 4 Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

Why can a change in one DNA nucleotide base lead to an incorrect protein?

Back

It alters the amino acid sequence coded for by the gene.

Front

What type of mutation occurs when one base is replaced by another?

Back

Substitution.

Front

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

A sequence of three nitrogenous bases on tRNA that binds to a codon on mRNA.

Front

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Back

rRNA forms the core of the ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

It determines how sequences of nucleotides translate into amino acids.