24 - 25 Biology Fall Final Review

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the AUG codon?

Back

AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell, allowing some substances to pass while blocking others.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane proteins.

Front

What is meiosis?

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the difference between simple diffusion and osmosis?

Back

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Front

What are chromosomes?

Back

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and carry genetic information.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.