AP Chemistry Unit 1-4 Quick Flashcard 2

Front

What does Graham's Law state about the rates of effusion of gases?

Back

Graham's Law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This means lighter gases effuse faster than heavier gases.

Front

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope?

Back

To calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons). For example, in 89/36Kr, the number of neutrons is 89 - 36 = 53.

Front

In the reaction N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3, how many moles of H2 are needed for 1 mole of N2?

Back

For every 1 mole of N2, 3 moles of H2 are needed. Therefore, for 2 moles of N2, 6 moles of H2 are required.

Front

What are spectator ions in a chemical reaction?

Back

Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction but are present in the solution. They remain unchanged and do not affect the overall reaction.

Front

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of AgNO3 and CaCl2.

Back

The net ionic equation is Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s). This shows the formation of the precipitate AgCl.

Front

What is the molar mass of Nitrogen gas (N2)?

Back

The molar mass of Nitrogen gas (N2) is approximately 28.02 g/mol, calculated as 14.01 g/mol (for one nitrogen atom) multiplied by 2.

Front

Define the term 'mole' in chemistry.

Back

A mole is a unit of measurement in chemistry that represents 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). It is used to quantify the amount of substance.

Front

What is the significance of the atomic number in an element?

Back

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus and determines the element's identity. It also indicates the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Front

Explain the concept of limiting reactants in a chemical reaction.

Back

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product that can be formed.

Front

What is a precipitate in a chemical reaction?

Back

A precipitate is a solid that forms and separates from a liquid solution during a chemical reaction.