Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame and altering the entire protein.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons in the mRNA.

Front

What are genes responsible for?

Back

Genes provide the instructions for producing proteins, which perform various functions in the body.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation is a type of mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially altering the protein produced.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not affect the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.