Unit 04 - Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving two main stages: transcription and translation.

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

The first step of protein synthesis where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

The second step of protein synthesis where the mRNA is decoded to build a polypeptide chain (protein) using ribosomes.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

Insertion, deletion, substitution, and duplication.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A mutation where one nucleotide base is replaced by another in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of codons.