Semester Exam Review Unit 2

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Front

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back

A hypertonic solution is one that has a greater solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell.

Front

How does the shape of an enzyme relate to its function?

Back

The shape of an enzyme is specifically designed to fit certain substrates, allowing it to catalyze specific reactions.

Front

What type of movement requires energy in cellular transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Front

What is exocytosis?

Back

Exocytosis is the process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Front

Define enzymes.

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Front

What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while facilitated diffusion requires specific transport proteins to help move molecules across the membrane.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the role of substrates in enzyme activity?

Back

Substrates are the reactants that enzymes act upon to produce products in a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the significance of enzyme specificity?

Back

Enzyme specificity ensures that enzymes only catalyze specific reactions, which is crucial for maintaining metabolic pathways.