AP S1 Exam Review 2

Front

What type of reaction is glycolysis where glucose is broken down into pyruvate?

Back

Catabolic reaction: It involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Front

Which organelle's dysfunction can lead to Tay Sachs disease?

Back

Lysosomes: They are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

In a gel electrophoresis, if fragment B is larger than fragment D, what can be inferred about their sizes?

Back

Fragment B is larger than fragment D.

Front

What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the adrenaline signaling pathway?

Back

Adenylyl cyclase accelerates the production of a second messenger.

Front

What type of trait is shown in a pedigree that indicates a dominant inheritance pattern?

Back

Dominant trait: It requires only one copy of the allele to express the trait.

Front

Define glycolysis.

Back

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Front

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Back

Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest cellular waste and macromolecules.

Front

Explain the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions.

Back

Catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy, while anabolic reactions build molecules and consume energy.

Front

What is a second messenger in cell signaling?

Back

A second messenger is a molecule that transmits signals from a receptor to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What does a dominant trait in a pedigree indicate about inheritance?

Back

A dominant trait can be expressed with just one copy of the allele, affecting offspring even if only one parent carries it.