4.1 - DNA

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are the building blocks of DNA?

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The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

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Complementary base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

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What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

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DNA contains the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells.

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What is a gene?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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Are all mutations harmful?

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No, not all mutations are harmful. Some mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or have no effect on the organism.

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Who was Rosalind Franklin?

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Rosalind Franklin was a scientist who used X-ray crystallography to take a famous photo of DNA, known as Photograph 51, which contributed to the discovery of the DNA structure.

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What is the significance of Watson and Crick's model of DNA?

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Watson and Crick's model of DNA provided a structural understanding of how DNA replicates and how genetic information is stored and transmitted.