Biology STAAR Category 1 & 2- CELLS &Genetics REV.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

Front

What are the four main types of mutations?

Back

The four main types of mutations are deletion, substitution, insertion, and translocation.

Front

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Back

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Front

What are enzymes and what is their role in biological processes?

Back

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in biological processes.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process of converting mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins from amino acids.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.