Molecular Biology EOC Review 2022

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What is Active Transport?

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Active Transport is the process of moving materials across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (usually in the form of ATP).

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What is Passive Transport?

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Passive Transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

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What is Osmosis?

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

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What is Diffusion?

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Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

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What are Amino Acids?

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Amino Acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various ways to form proteins.

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What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing the energy needed for various cellular processes, including active transport.

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What is the function of a contractile vacuole?

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A contractile vacuole is an organelle found in some protists that helps to expel excess water from the cell, preventing it from bursting.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) stores genetic information, while RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) plays a role in protein synthesis and gene expression.

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What are lipids?

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Lipids are a group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water, including fats, oils, and waxes, and are used for energy storage and insulation.

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What is the significance of glucose in cellular metabolism?

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Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for cells, undergoing cellular respiration to produce ATP.