Protein Synthesis and DNA mutations

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A mutation that occurs when bases are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially altering one amino acid in the protein.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotide bases from the DNA sequence.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotide bases into the DNA sequence.

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What is an inversion mutation?

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A mutation where a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome.

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What is translocation in genetics?

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A chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome.

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What is an anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA during protein synthesis.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.