AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.4: Changes in Signal Transduction

Front

What is a Competitive Inhibitor?

Back

A type of enzyme inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding.

Front

What effect does a change in the receptor have on cell responses?

Back

A change in the receptor can significantly affect the responses of the cell.

Front

Can a mutation in a relay molecule affect cellular response?

Back

Yes, a mutation in a relay molecule can alter the response of the cell.

Front

Define Signal Transduction.

Back

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What is an Allosteric Inhibitor?

Back

An inhibitor that binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, causing a change in the enzyme's shape and function.

Front

What is a Noncompetitive Inhibitor?

Back

An inhibitor that binds to an enzyme regardless of whether the substrate is bound, reducing the overall number of active enzyme molecules.

Front

Explain the role of receptors in signal transduction.

Back

Receptors are proteins that receive and transmit signals from outside the cell to initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the significance of relay molecules in signal transduction?

Back

Relay molecules transmit signals from receptors to target molecules within the cell, amplifying the response.

Front

What is the function of a Repressor Inhibitor?

Back

A type of inhibitor that decreases gene expression by binding to the operator or promoter region of a gene.

Front

How do mutations affect signal transduction pathways?

Back

Mutations can disrupt the normal function of proteins in the pathway, leading to altered cellular responses.