IB Biology Topic 1.5

Front

What hypothesis did Louis Pasteur's experiment aim to accept or reject?

Back

Spontaneous generation.

Front

What is the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as symbioses between separate single-celled organisms?

Back

Endosymbiotic theory.

Front

What did early bacteria that could make their own energy evolve into?

Back

Mitochondria.

Front

In what way are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to prokaryotic cells like bacteria?

Back

Their DNAs are circular.

Front

According to endosymbiotic theory, what were mitochondria once considered to be?

Back

A free-living bacterial species that were engulfed by an ancient eukaryote.

Front

What is the significance of the endosymbiotic theory in understanding eukaryotic cells?

Back

It explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts as once independent organisms.

Front

What type of DNA do mitochondria and chloroplasts contain?

Back

Circular DNA.

Front

What is a key piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to bacterial DNA.

Front

What role do mitochondria play in eukaryotic cells?

Back

They are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through respiration.

Front

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

To conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.