Cancer and Gene Expression R 24/25

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Mutation

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Change in the genetic material of a cell (DNA).

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Gene Expression

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The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis.

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Carcinogen

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Any substance that is known to cause cancer.

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Tumor Suppressor Gene

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A gene that protects a cell from becoming cancerous.

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Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms

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From least complex to most complex: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

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Oncogene

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A mutated gene that has the potential to cause cancer.

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Proto-oncogene

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A normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations.

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Apoptosis

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The process of programmed cell death that helps eliminate damaged cells.

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Metastasis

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The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body.

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DNA Replication

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The process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA.