Fall SE Revie 2024

Front

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

Back

The sodium-potassium pump is a type of active transport mechanism that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients, using ATP for energy.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins, moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Front

What is the optimum pH for enzyme activity?

Back

The optimum pH is the pH at which an enzyme's activity is highest. For many enzymes, this is around neutral pH (6.6 to 7.4), but it can vary depending on the specific enzyme.

Front

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

The main difference is that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Front

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) followed by cytokinesis.

Front

Define active transport.

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.

Front

What is a biomolecule?

Back

Biomolecules are organic molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and support while maintaining homeostasis.