Fall Midterm Review (OnRamps Biology)

Front

What is the process by which free energy is released from ATP?

Back

Free energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.

Front

What are purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids?

Back

Purines (A & G) have a double ring structure, while pyrimidines (C, T, & U) have a single ring structure.

Front

At which level of protein structure are peptide bonds most important?

Back

Peptide bonds are most important at the primary level of protein structure.

Front

What type of biomolecule is ATP synthase?

Back

ATP synthase is a protein found in the inner mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.

Front

Which enzyme activates a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

Back

Protein kinase activates a protein by transferring a phosphate group.

Front

What is the primary function of ATP in biological systems?

Back

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular processes.

Front

Define the term 'enzyme'.

Back

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Front

What is the role of cAMP in cellular signaling?

Back

cAMP acts as a secondary messenger that transmits signals from hormones and other signaling molecules.

Front

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Back

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, with complementary base pairing (A-T, C-G).