AP Semester Review

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

The genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the alleles inherited from the parents.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles (e.g., AA or aa), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Aa).

Front

What is the probability of offspring inheriting a trait?

Back

The probability is calculated based on the genotypes of the parents and can be expressed as a percentage.

Front

What is an isotonic solution?

Back

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What is an isotope?

Back

An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling involves the release of signaling molecules (ligands) that affect nearby target cells.

Front

What is the role of ligands in cell signaling?

Back

Ligands are molecules that bind to receptors on target cells, initiating a response.

Front

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Back

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.

Front

What is the significance of the Punnett square in genetics?

Back

The Punnett square is a tool used to predict the genotypes of offspring from parental genotypes.

Front

What is the function of cell membranes in isotonic solutions?

Back

Cell membranes regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.