Fall Midterm Review (OnRamps Biology)

Front

What makes a molecule polar?

Back

Unequal sharing of valence electrons.

Front

Why are plasma membranes relatively impermeable to water-soluble molecules?

Back

Their bilayer is comprised of phospholipids.

Front

What is the cell organelle that transports material within a cell?

Back

Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Front

Which functional groups characterize the structure of an amino acid?

Back

Amino group and carboxyl group.

Front

What is the name of the signaling molecule that triggers a transduction pathway?

Back

Ligand.

Front

Define a polar molecule.

Back

A molecule with a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds, resulting from unequal sharing of electrons.

Front

What is the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Back

They form a bilayer that acts as a barrier to most water-soluble substances.

Front

What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back

It synthesizes proteins and lipids and transports materials within the cell.

Front

What are the two main types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back

Rough ER (with ribosomes) and Smooth ER (without ribosomes).

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A molecule that binds to a receptor to initiate a biological response.