AP Biology: Unit 4 Review (CED)

Front

What is Negative Feedback?

Back

A feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes in a physiological condition.

Front

What is Positive Feedback?

Back

A feedback mechanism that amplifies responses and processes in biological organisms.

Front

What is the M checkpoint?

Back

A checkpoint in the cell cycle that ensures proper chromosome separation to prevent nondisjunction.

Front

What are the three parts of a signal transduction pathway?

Back

Reception, transduction, and response.

Front

What is a mutation in the context of protein components of the transduction signaling pathway?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can alter the function of proteins involved in signaling.

Front

What is the role of receptors in signal transduction?

Back

Receptors bind to ligands (signals) to initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

It checks for cell size, DNA integrity, and environmental conditions before the cell enters the S phase.

Front

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.

Front

What is the function of the G2 checkpoint?

Back

It ensures that DNA has been replicated correctly and prepares the cell for mitosis.

Front

What is the role of ligands in cell signaling?

Back

Ligands are molecules that bind to receptors to trigger a response in the target cell.