Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Nervous System

Front

What disorder is characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to loss of muscle control?

Back

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy.

Front

What is a reflex action?

Back

A reflex action is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus, such as blinking when something approaches the eye.

Front

Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory and helps regulate anxiety and stress?

Back

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reducing neuronal excitability and regulating anxiety.

Front

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

Back

The primary function of the nervous system is to coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body.

Front

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Back

The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions.

Front

Define the central nervous system (CNS).

Back

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center for processing information and coordinating responses.

Front

What is the role of neurotransmitters?

Back

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses from one neuron to another, influencing various physiological functions.

Front

Explain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Back

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensory information, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

Front

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Back

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and motor learning.

Front

What is multiple sclerosis?

Back

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to the deterioration of myelin sheaths and impaired communication between neurons.