Heat transfer

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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between materials. It occurs when heat moves from a hotter object to a cooler one, such as when ironing a shirt.

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). It occurs when warmer, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a circulation pattern.

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What is radiation?

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Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves. It does not require a medium, meaning it can occur in a vacuum, such as the heat from the sun reaching the Earth.

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What is an insulator?

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An insulator is a material that resists the transfer of heat. Examples include rubber, glass, and certain plastics, which help keep heat in or out.

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What is a conductor?

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A conductor is a material that allows heat to flow through it easily. Metals like copper and aluminum are good conductors of heat.

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What is kinetic energy?

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Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

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What is potential energy?

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Potential energy is the stored energy of an object due to its position or state. For example, a book on a shelf has potential energy because of its height.

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What is thermal energy?

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Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles in a substance. It is related to temperature and the state of matter.

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What is the difference between heat and temperature?

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Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

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What is the principle of heat transfer?

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The principle of heat transfer states that heat moves from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is reached.