AP Biology Central Dogma Flashcard

Front

What is the process to go from DNA to mRNA?

Back

Transcription.

Front

What is a promoter?

Back

A sequence of DNA at the beginning of the gene that tells RNA polymerase where to start transcription.

Front

How many nucleotides long is the mRNA that codes for a polypeptide of 120 amino acids?

Back

Approximately 360 nucleotides long.

Front

What RNA bases pair with TACGAA during transcription?

Back

AUGCUU.

Front

What is the process to go from mRNA to a protein?

Back

Translation.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from the DNA template.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.