Chemistry Term 2 Review Practice

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What is a basic substance?

Back

A basic substance is one that has a pH greater than 7 and can accept protons (H+) or donate electron pairs in reactions. Example: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a basic substance.

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What is the significance of q in thermodynamics?

Back

In thermodynamics, q represents the heat energy transferred in a process. It can be measured in joules (J).

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What happens to the surroundings in an exothermic process?

Back

In an exothermic process, the surroundings gain energy as heat is released by the system.

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What is the boiling point of a liquid?

Back

The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid, causing it to change into vapor.

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What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

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What is an acid?

Back

An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) when dissolved in water, resulting in the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+).

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What is a base?

Back

A base is a substance that can accept protons (H+) or donate electron pairs in reactions, often resulting in the formation of hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.

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What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules?

Back

Polar molecules have a partial positive and negative charge due to uneven distribution of electrons, while nonpolar molecules have an even distribution of charge.

Front

What is an example of an exothermic reaction?

Back

An example of an exothermic reaction is the combustion of fuels, such as burning wood or gasoline, which releases heat.