Mitosis and Meiosis

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What is Mitosis?

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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, involving stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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What is Meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes, and consists of two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II.

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What are Chromosomes?

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Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genetic information. They become visible during cell division.

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What is Interphase?

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Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, performs its normal functions, and duplicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis.

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What happens during Prophase?

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During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope begins to break down, and the mitotic spindle starts to form.

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What is the role of the Centromere?

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The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

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What occurs during Anaphase?

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During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

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What is Telophase?

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Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell begins to divide.

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What is the S phase of the cell cycle?

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The S phase (synthesis phase) is the part of interphase where DNA is replicated, resulting in two copies of each chromosome.

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What is a Chromatid?

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A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, which is joined to its sister chromatid at the centromere.