Unit 4: Energy and Matter Summative Review

Front

What is ATP?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It contains three phosphate groups and is essential for energy transfer in biological processes.

Front

What are the products of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

Back

The two molecules synthesized in the light-dependent reactions that are carried over to the light-independent reactions are NADPH and ATP.

Front

What happens during cyanide poisoning in relation to ATP production?

Back

Cyanide blocks oxygen from accepting electrons in the Electron Transport Chain, resulting in the cessation of ATP production within the mitochondria.

Front

Describe the relationship between plants and animals in terms of gas exchange.

Back

Plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis, which is used by animals, while animals produce carbon dioxide during respiration, which is utilized by plants.

Front

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Back

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected; the products of one process serve as the reactants for the other.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in energy production?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced through cellular respiration.

Front

Define photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

Front

What is the function of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Back

NADPH is a carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons during the light-dependent reactions to the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis.

Front

Explain the significance of the Electron Transport Chain.

Back

The Electron Transport Chain is a series of protein complexes in the mitochondria that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is the Krebs cycle?

Back

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.