Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

The building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

How does Uracil pair in RNA?

Back

Uracil pairs with Adenine (A) during RNA synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the order of amino acids in a protein?

Back

The order determines the protein's structure and function; even a single change can affect its activity.

Front

What is the complementary RNA sequence for the DNA strand GTAGTCA?

Back

CAUCAGU.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil.