Chemistry Final Exam Review Fall Semester

Front

What is the transfer of thermal energy through a material or between adjacent materials called?

Back

Conduction

Answer explanation

The transfer of thermal energy through a material or between adjacent materials is called conduction. This process occurs when heat moves through a substance without the movement of the material itself, unlike convection or radiation.

Front

What is the ability of a material to conduct heat?

Back

Thermal conductivity

Answer explanation

The ability of a material to conduct heat is known as thermal conductivity. It measures how well heat is transferred through a material, making it the correct choice compared to thermal expansion, viscosity, and radiation.

Front

What are materials with very low thermal conductivities called?

Back

Insulators

Answer explanation

Materials with very low thermal conductivities are called insulators. They resist the flow of heat, making them ideal for preventing heat transfer, unlike conductors which allow heat to pass through easily.

Front

What is the transfer of heat by fluid motions of materials, driven by differences in density?

Back

Convection

Answer explanation

The transfer of heat by fluid motions due to density differences is called convection. Unlike conduction (direct contact) and radiation (energy transfer through space), convection involves the movement of fluids.

Front

What is a material's resistance to flowing?

Back

Viscosity

Answer explanation

Front

What is the expansion of a material upon heating called?

Back

Thermal expansion

Answer explanation

The expansion of a material upon heating is known as thermal expansion. This phenomenon occurs because increased temperature causes particles to move more vigorously, leading to an increase in the material's volume.

Front

What is the boundary between fluid layers where heat enters or leaves a convection cell called?

Back

Thermal Boundary Layers

Answer explanation

The boundary between fluid layers where heat enters or leaves a convection cell is known as the Thermal Boundary Layer. This layer is crucial for understanding heat transfer in fluids, distinguishing it from insulators and conductors.

Front

What is heat transfer through the emission of electromagnetic waves called?

Back

Radiation

Answer explanation

Heat transfer through the emission of electromagnetic waves is called radiation. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium, radiation can occur in a vacuum, making it unique in how energy is transferred.

Front

What is the theory that Earth's lithosphere is broken into large rigid pieces that move very slowly across Earth's surface due to convection currents in the mantle?

Back

Plate Tectonics

Answer explanation

The theory of Plate Tectonics explains how Earth's lithosphere is divided into large, rigid plates that move slowly due to convection currents in the mantle, leading to geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Front

What are remnant magnetic fields retained in the structure of iron-rich minerals when rock forms called?

Back

Paleomagnetic Data

Answer explanation