Unit 3B Review (DNA/RNA Processes, Mutations, Biotechnology)

Front

What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA?

Back

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Front

What nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Back

Uracil is found in RNA, replacing thymine which is found in DNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is translocation in genetics?

Back

Translocation is a type of mutation where a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What happens during translation?

Back

During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation?

Back

A missense mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein, while a nonsense mutation creates a premature stop codon.

Front

What is the significance of mutations in evolution?

Back

Mutations introduce genetic variation, which can lead to evolution through natural selection.