Semester 1 AP Bio Final

Front

What is a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid is a type of lipid molecule that is a major component of cell membranes, consisting of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a process by which substances move across cell membranes with the help of transport proteins, without the expenditure of energy.

Front

What role does NADPH play in cellular respiration?

Back

NADPH acts as a high-energy hydrogen (electron) carrier, transferring electrons in various biochemical reactions.

Front

At what pH does pepsin work best?

Back

Pepsin works best at a pH near 2.

Front

Why is water considered a universal solvent?

Back

Water is considered a universal solvent because it can dissolve most substances due to its polar nature.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

Define osmosis.

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the significance of the pH scale in biology?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, which can affect enzyme activity and overall cellular function.