DNA Structure and Replication

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA double helix.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the role of DNA ligase?

Back

DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments, joining the newly synthesized DNA segments.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of DNA?

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group; DNA synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.

Front

What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Front

How does DNA replication ensure accuracy?

Back

DNA polymerase has proofreading ability to correct errors during DNA synthesis.