Front

What was the Investiture Crisis?

Back

On the surface, a conflict about the appointments of religious offices, was a powerful struggle for control over who held ultimate authority—the Holy Roman Emperor or the pope.

Front

Which BEST describes the role of the pope after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?

Back

a source of authority and continuity throughout Europe

Front

What was the significance of Charles Martel’s involvement at the Battle of Tours?

Back

His victory curtailed the spread of Muslim caliphates or empires into western Europe.

Front

How did Charlemagne affect the Holy Roman Empire?

Back

He expanded the size to control present-day France, Germany, and surrounding regions.

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How did European culture benefit MOST directly from Christian monasticism?

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Monks copied and preserved ancient texts and learning.