DNA & Protein Synthesis

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What are Chargaff's Rules?

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Chargaff's Rules state that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) equals thymine (T) and the amount of cytosine (C) equals guanine (G). This means A pairs with T and C pairs with G.

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What is a karyotype?

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A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, organized in pairs, used to assess chromosomal abnormalities.

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What are chromosomes?

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Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and proteins. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.

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What is the shape of DNA?

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DNA has a double helix shape, resembling a twisted ladder, with two strands running in opposite directions.

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What is the Human Genome Project?

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The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project aimed at mapping and understanding all the genes of the human species.

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What is DNA replication?

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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.

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What is transcription in protein synthesis?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

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What is translation in protein synthesis?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

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What are the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, and rRNA (ribosomal RNA) forms the core of the ribosome's structure.

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What is a gene?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.