Practice Questions Flashcard 2.4

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, allowing genetic information to be passed on during cell division.

Front

What is transcription in the context of genetics?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation in genetics?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize proteins by linking together the appropriate amino acids.

Front

What is the role of amino acids in protein synthesis?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein, which determines the protein's structure and function.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins, potentially affecting an organism's traits.

Front

What is the difference between genotypic and phenotypic changes?

Back

Genotypic changes refer to alterations in the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotypic changes are observable traits or characteristics that result from the genotype and environmental influences.

Front

How does DNA evidence support the theory of evolution?

Back

DNA evidence supports the theory of evolution by showing genetic similarities among different species, indicating a common ancestor and evolutionary relationships.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is the strand of DNA that pairs with the original strand during replication, following base pairing rules (A-T and C-G).

Front

What is the significance of the order of replication?

Back

The order of replication is crucial for ensuring that DNA is accurately copied and that genetic information is correctly transmitted to daughter cells.

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template for protein synthesis, carrying genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.