Bio Fall Benchmark 2024

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Back

The three components of a nucleotide are a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Back

Insulin helps to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Front

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Front

What are ribosomes and their function?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Front

How do viruses cause disease?

Back

Viruses cause disease by entering host cells, replicating inside them, and then lysing (breaking open) the cells to release new viral particles.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds.

Front

What is the role of glucose-transport proteins?

Back

Glucose-transport proteins facilitate the movement of glucose across the plasma membrane into cells.