Protein Synthesis and DNA mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the organelles where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together based on the sequence of mRNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence, which can lead to a frameshift.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, which can also lead to a frameshift.

Front

What is translocation in genetics?

Back

A chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome.

Front

What is the complementary RNA sequence for the DNA strand GTAGTCA?

Back

The complementary RNA sequence is CAUCAGU.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA to mRNA, while translation is the process of converting mRNA into a protein.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially altering all downstream amino acids.