Biology Semester 1 Review

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

An enzyme is a type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes typically end in 'ase', such as lactase or amylase.

Front

What is the replication fork?

Back

The replication fork is the area where the DNA double helix separates into two single strands, allowing for replication to occur.

Front

What do macromolecules store?

Back

Macromolecules store energy, which can be used by cells for various functions.

Front

What does mitosis produce?

Back

Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells, each with a full set of chromosomes.

Front

What does ER stand for in cell biology?

Back

ER stands for Endoplasmic Reticulum, an organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Front

What is the function of the nucleus?

Back

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Back

The Golgi body modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Back

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Front

What is a lysosome?

Back

A lysosome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.