Biology Semester #1 Review

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What is facilitated diffusion?

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Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via the aid of a membrane protein, moving with the concentration gradient without the use of energy.

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy in the form of ATP.

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What is osmosis?

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A silent mutation is a type of mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein, often occurring in non-coding regions of DNA.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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What is the role of the cell cycle?

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The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide, ensuring proper replication and distribution of genetic material.

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What is apoptosis?

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Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms, allowing for the removal of damaged or unnecessary cells.

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What are cancer cells?

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Cancer cells are cells that grow and divide uncontrollably, often ignoring the regulatory signals that normally control cell growth and division.

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What is DNA replication?

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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.