Intermolecular Forces Flashcard

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

Front

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is considered the strongest type of intermolecular force, occurring between molecules where hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Front

What are dipole-dipole forces?

Back

Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density in atoms or molecules, leading to temporary dipoles.

Front

Which molecules can participate in hydrogen bonding?

Back

Molecules that have hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) can participate in hydrogen bonding.

Front

What is a polar molecule?

Back

A polar molecule is a molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds, resulting in a positive and a negative end.

Front

What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in water?

Back

Hydrogen bonding in water leads to its high melting and boiling points, as well as its unique properties like high surface tension and solvent capabilities.

Front

How do dipole-dipole forces compare to London dispersion forces?

Back

Dipole-dipole forces are generally stronger than London dispersion forces, especially in polar molecules.

Front

What is the role of London dispersion forces in nonpolar molecules?

Back

London dispersion forces are the only type of intermolecular force present in nonpolar molecules, allowing them to exist in liquid or solid states.

Front

What is the effect of intermolecular forces on boiling points?

Back

Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points, as more energy is required to separate the molecules.