Biology Semester 1 Review

Front

Which structure within the cell plays an important role in energy production for the cell?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, where energy (ATP) is produced through cellular respiration.

Front

This type of substitution codes for a stop codon.

Back

Nonsense mutation is a type of mutation that results in a premature stop codon, leading to incomplete proteins.

Front

Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon GUA?

Back

Valine is the amino acid coded by the RNA codon GUA.

Front

The process by which a cell nucleus divides is called:

Back

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Front

Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?

Back

Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogenous bases in the DNA double helix, allowing for base pairing.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

Front

Define the term 'mutation'.

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), and in detoxifying certain chemicals.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Back

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate cells.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).