DEDUCTIVE, INDUCTIVE, ABDUCTIVE

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What is Deductive Reasoning?

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Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is drawn from a set of premises or facts. If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. Example: All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

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What is Inductive Reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or examples. It does not guarantee the conclusion is true. Example: The sun has risen in the east every day so far; therefore, the sun will rise in the east tomorrow.

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What is Abductive Reasoning?

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Abductive reasoning is a form of logical inference that starts with an observation and seeks the simplest and most likely explanation. Example: The grass is wet; therefore, it probably rained.

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What is a Premise in Deductive Reasoning?

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A premise is a statement or proposition that provides the foundation for an argument. In deductive reasoning, premises lead to a conclusion.

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What is a Conclusion in Deductive Reasoning?

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A conclusion is the statement that follows logically from the premises in deductive reasoning. It is the outcome of the reasoning process.

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How does Inductive Reasoning differ from Deductive Reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning makes generalizations based on specific instances, while deductive reasoning starts with general premises to reach a specific conclusion.

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Can you give an example of Inductive Reasoning?

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Example: Every swan I have seen is white. Therefore, all swans are probably white.

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What is the role of Evidence in Abductive Reasoning?

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In abductive reasoning, evidence is used to support the most likely explanation for an observation, but it does not guarantee that the explanation is correct.

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What is a Logical Fallacy?

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A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. It can occur in deductive, inductive, or abductive reasoning.

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What is a Syllogism?

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A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning consisting of two premises followed by a conclusion. Example: All mammals are warm-blooded. All dogs are mammals. Therefore, all dogs are warm-blooded.